Supermarket Perimeter - August 2022 - 69

of preventive controls to mitigate cross contamination by enteric
viruses in produce wash water systems [Sánchez 2019]. Research
demonstrates that commonly employed wash water practices, a oneminute
contact time with 5-20 ppm sodium hypochlorite or 2-3 ppm
chlorine dioxide, is sufficient to control enteric viruses.
The 2022 Symposium featured new concepts addressing an array of
current industry challenges:
* Help may be on the way. Packinghouses and processing operations
often rely on electronic equipment (e.g., optical sorters, scales, metal
detectors and electric motors) that are sensitive to cleaning and
sanitation chemicals and water. LED antimicrobial blue light (aBL),
wavelength 405 nm, can be used to achieve a 100 to 10,000-fold
reduction of Lm on otherwise difficult to clean and sanitize surfaces
[Diez-Gonzalez 2020].
* Using viruses to kill bacteria: encouraging results for a natural
approach to managing Lm. Bacteriophages are like viruses that
infect and kill bacterial cells. A commercially available cocktail
of bacteriophages, ListexTM, consistently achieved a 100-fold
reduction of Lm in produce under laboratory conditions. It was also
demonstrated that applications of sufficient doses of phages (106 to
107 ) through water sprays were achievable in commercial operations
[Allende 2019].
* Lm growth on produce - you just knew there would be an app
someday. ListRisk is an app being developed for leafy greens that will
help operators identify factors contributing to postharvest growth
of Lm [Allende 2019]. The model is being constructed with over 600
data points and uses temperature, pH, water activity and other factors
to predict growth potential for Lm on leafy greens.
* Ultrafine bubble technology may hold the key for more effective
wash water sanitation. Ultra-fine bubble technology may be a
mechanism for delivering wash water sanitizers more effectively
in wash systems. Research using ozone in combination with
ultrafine bubble technology demonstrated promise for industry use
[Upadhyay 2020]. Ultrafine ozone-containing bubbles reduced Lm
levels by 10 to 250-fold on the surface of lettuce, apples, and celery
with exposure times of one to two minutes at 4°C without damaging
product quality.
* Cold plasma to disinfect wash water? Remember the four states of
matter - solid, liquid, gas and plasma? Bet you missed the plasma
state, didn't you? Think of solid ice. When heated, the solid turns to
a liquid (water). Applying more heat, water turns into steam, a gas. If
even more heat is applied to the gas, a plasma forms which is a highly
reactive state consisting of high temperature electrons, ultraviolet
photons, cooler charged and neutral atoms and other reactive
chemicals that have antimicrobial properties.
The Woodland, Calif.-based Center for Produce Safety is focused
on providing the produce industry with information on enhancing the
safety of fresh fruits and vegetables.
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